“This is a very niche career not known to many, but it is one of the best careers I could imagine…As an orthoptist, I possess the knowledge and skill set to diagnose problems and offer a range of treatment plans accurately. Eliminating the double vision is often life-changing, but sometimes, the simple validation of their condition has the biggest impact.”
Sally Murray, Certified Orthoptist, Child Eye Care Associates
Orthoptists focus on diagnosing and treating disorders related to eye movement and coordination. They play a critical role in assessing issues such as strabismus (commonly known as crossed eyes), amblyopia (often referred to as lazy eye), and diplopia (double vision).
Orthoptists work closely with ophthalmologists to manage various vision problems and often use therapeutic exercises, patching, or prisms as part of their treatment strategies. Their expertise is essential in devising effective management plans for patients with complex ophthalmic conditions.
Aspiring orthoptists typically must complete a bachelor’s degree in orthoptics or a related field, which usually takes four years. This education is followed by two years of clinical training to gain hands-on experience diagnosing and treating eye movement disorders. In some regions, orthoptists must pass a certification exam to practice professionally. Continuing education is also vital to an orthoptist’s career, ensuring they stay abreast of the latest advancements in vision research and treatment methodologies.
Orthoptists are also crucial in public health settings, where they contribute to screenings and outreach programs aimed at early detection and prevention of vision-related issues. By participating in community-based initiatives, they help identify children and adults at risk of developing serious visual impairments. This proactive approach allows for early intervention, which can significantly improve treatment outcomes and prevent long-term consequences. Through their collaborative efforts with other healthcare professionals, orthoptists are instrumental in raising awareness about the importance of eye health and ensuring access to essential vision care services across diverse populations.
Orthoptists’ career options are diverse and can range from working in hospitals and private ophthalmology clinics to engaging in research or teaching positions in academic settings. Some may also specialize in pediatric eye care or neuro-ophthalmology, leading to more targeted and rewarding job opportunities. Regardless of their specific path, orthoptists play a pivotal role in enhancing patient quality of life through improved vision care.
Keep reading to learn how to get started in this unique and niche field, including some advice from expert Sally Murray, a certified orthoptist through the American Orthoptic Council.
Meet The Expert: Sally Murray
Sally Murray is a British-trained and American-certified orthoptist who earned a BSc (Hons) in orthoptics from the University of Liverpool in 2008. Her career began at the Singapore National Eye Centre, where she worked for two-and-a-half years before achieving American Orthoptic Certification in August 2010. A year later, in August 2011, she relocated to Portland to join a specialized pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus clinic. She completed a postgraduate diploma in vision and strabismus in 2018 through the University of Sheffield’s long-distance master’s program.
HealthcareDegree.com:What is something you wish the public understood about orthoptists?
Murray: Orthoptists are mid-level providers who work primarily in pediatric ophthalmology. They specialize in eye alignment and coordination and how the brain perceives and uses images. They play a key role in patient assessment and management but often hold other positions within the practice or academic institution where they work.
This is a very niche career not known to many, but it is one of the best careers I could imagine. You see patients of all ages. You usually follow kids through early childhood, so you see them grow and develop relationships with the patient and their family. I have been invited to and attended birthday parties!
Adults are usually severely incapacitated with double vision or acutely self-conscious about their eye misalignment. As an orthoptist, I possess the knowledge and skill set to diagnose problems and offer a range of treatment plans accurately. Eliminating the double vision is often life-changing, but sometimes, the simple validation of their condition has the biggest impact.
HealthcareDegree.com: What advice would you give to aspiring orthoptic students?
Murray: Reach out to orthoptists in your area and ask to shadow them. We are a friendly group and love to share our knowledge and experience with people interested in the field. We have three great organizations that support our organization the AACO (American Association of Certified Orthoptics) and AOC (American Orthoptic Council) and FOREA (Foundation for Orthoptic Research and Education in the Americas). Visit [their website] to find lots of information and reach out to the orthoptic community.
Orthoptist Specializations & Degree Types
Orthoptists can pursue various specialization paths, allowing them to tailor their careers toward particular patient populations or complex vision issues. One common specialization is pediatric orthoptics, which focuses on diagnosing and treating young children with conditions like amblyopia and congenital strabismus. This specialization requires an in-depth understanding of working with children and adopting approaches that cater to their developmental needs.
Prospective orthoptists must complete a bachelor’s degree in orthoptics or an affiliated subject such as vision science to pursue a career. After earning an undergraduate degree, students must complete a two-year orthoptic fellowship.
Admissions Requirements for Orthoptist Programs
The admissions requirements for orthoptist programs vary depending on the institution but generally include a combination of academic and experiential qualifications. Applicants to Prospective students typically need to have completed an undergraduate degree with a strong emphasis on sciences such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Many programs may also require coursework in anatomy and physiology to ensure a foundational understanding of the human body and its functions related to vision. In addition to academic prerequisites, relevant experience in a healthcare setting, such as volunteer work or shadowing an orthoptist, is often favored.
Orthoptist Program Accreditation
Orthoptic fellowship programs are accredited through the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO). Accreditation is essential for ensuring high-quality education and training for future orthoptists. These programs undergo rigorous evaluation to meet professional standards, focusing on providing a comprehensive curriculum encompassing theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Accredited programs cover core subjects such as ocular anatomy, physiology, and orthoptic techniques and prepare students for real-world scenarios through clinical rotations and hands-on experience.
On-Campus Orthoptist Degree Programs
The orthoptics program at Children’s Eye Care is a comprehensive educational pathway designed to train students in the specialized field of orthoptics, focusing on pediatric eye care. This program provides in-depth knowledge in diagnosing and managing eye movement and binocular vision disorders. Students engage in a structured curriculum combining theoretical coursework with hands-on clinical experience, preparing them to address complex vision problems in children effectively.
The program emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, allowing students to collaborate with ophthalmologists and other eye care professionals, enhancing their practical skills and professional development in pediatric ophthalmology. Only one student is admitted to this program each year.
- Location: West Bloomfield, MI
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science
The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science offers a two-year orthoptic program to equip students with extensive knowledge and skills in orthoptics and binocular vision disorders. This full-time program emphasizes theoretical and clinical education, providing students with opportunities to learn through direct patient care experiences, interdisciplinary collaboration, and mentorship from experienced orthoptists and ophthalmologists. The curriculum covers key areas such as ocular anatomy, amblyopia treatment, and management of strabismus, preparing graduates for a dynamic career in various clinical settings. Upon completion, students are well-prepared to sit for the certification exam.
- Location: Rochester, MN
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
University of Wisconsin Madison – School of Medicine and Public Health
With a blend of rigorous academic instruction and immersive clinical experience, the orthoptist training program at the University of Wisconsin Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences will prepare graduates for a successful career in this field.
This full-time, 24-month program emphasizes a comprehensive approach to orthoptics, integrating the study of ocular motility, binocular vision disorders, and vision assessment techniques. Students are immersed in a collaborative learning environment, benefiting from the department’s cutting-edge research and proximity to renowned healthcare facilities.
- Location: Madison, Wi
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) orthoptic fellowship program is an intensive two-year program to develop proficient orthoptists skilled in pediatric eye care. The program combines didactic coursework with extensive clinical training, providing a thorough grounding in assessing and treating eye movement disorders, amblyopia, and strabismus. Students are exposed to a wide range of clinical cases under the mentorship of experienced orthoptists and ophthalmologists, fostering a comprehensive understanding of pediatric vision issues.
This fellowship offers a collaborative environment where fellows engage in interdisciplinary work, ensuring they are well-prepared for diverse clinical settings. The program is designed for candidates committed to integrating theoretical and practical knowledge in treating binocular vision disorders, emphasizing a patient-centered approach.
- Location: Philadelphia, PA
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Ross Eye Institute offers a comprehensive orthoptic program to develop highly skilled orthoptists through an intensive curriculum focused on eye movement and binocular vision disorders. This program combines rigorous academic instruction with practical clinical experience, enabling students to work closely with ophthalmologists and participate in various patient care scenarios. Throughout the program, students gain in-depth knowledge in diagnosing and managing conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia. Hands-on hands-on learning is emphasized in a supportive and interdisciplinary environment, preparing graduates to excel in various clinical settings.
- Location: Buffalo, NY
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Oregon Health and Science University – Casey Eye Institute Elks Children’s Eye Clinic
Students can complete their orthoptics training program at the Casey Eye Institute, located at Oregon Health & Science University. This two-year program emphasizes a balanced curriculum integrating theoretical knowledge with significant clinical exposure, focusing on diagnosing and managing binocular vision disorders. Students benefit from the institute’s state-of-the-art facilities and collaborative learning environment, working alongside leading ophthalmologists and orthoptists. The program prepares graduates to adeptly handle complex patient scenarios in diverse clinical settings by equipping them with practical skills and a deep understanding of orthoptic principles.
- Location: Portland, OR
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine – Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
In just two years, students can complete the orthoptic training program offered by the University of Iowa’s Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. This program is designed to deliver theoretical instruction and clinical education, focusing on eye movement and binocular vision disorders. Students enrolled in the program benefit from hands-on training in state-of-the-art facilities, which prepares them to diagnose and manage conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia effectively.
The program’s approach integrates collaboration with experienced ophthalmologists and orthoptists, ensuring a well-rounded learning experience. This program boasts a 100 percent graduate certification rate through the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO).
- Location: Iowa City, IA
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Greater Baltimore Medical Center
The Greater Baltimore Medical Center orthoptic fellowship is a fully accredited, two-year program with an extensive curriculum encompassing academic and clinical training in orthoptics and associated ophthalmic studies. Situated within a clinical teaching atmosphere, the program delivers orthoptic education through classroom learning and hands-on clinical exposure. Catering to patients of all ages, from children to adults experiencing binocular disorders, our team consists of skilled orthoptists and ophthalmologists committed to patient care, education, and the clinical training of residents and fellows. After completing the orthoptic fellowship successfully, candidates are qualified to pursue national orthoptist certification by passing written, oral, and practical board examinations.
- Location: Baltimore, MD
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
University of Miami Health Systems – Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
The Bascom Palmer Eye Institute has introduced a new orthoptic fellowship program which covers essential courses that contribute to understanding visual development, eye movements, and binocular vision. This program aims to integrate students effectively into the vision healthcare team through two years of rigorous training alongside ophthalmology faculty and professionals in a clinical environment. Commencing in July, the fellowship extends over two years, accepting one student annually.
Students will take courses led by an orthoptist and faculty experts, spanning various scientific disciplines such as anatomy, neuroanatomy, and physiology. They will also participate in diverse learning formats, including lectures, clinical training, journal clubs, and grand rounds.
- Location: Miami, FL
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
The orthoptic training program at Vanderbilt University Medical Center takes 24 months to complete and consists of 200 hours of didactic learning combined with clinical rotations in pediatric ophthalmology and neuro-ophthalmology clinics. Graduates will know how to act as physician extenders, collaborating with pediatric ophthalmologists to diagnose and manage conditions such as strabismus, amblyopia, and diplopia. Courses within the program are instructed by VEI faculty and certified orthoptists. In the second year of this program, orthoptic students are encouraged to deliver a scientific presentation at a regional orthoptic meeting.
- Location: Nashville, TN
- Duration: Two years
- Accreditation: American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO)
Online or Hybrid Orthoptist Degree Programs
Due to the hands-on nature of orthoptic fellowship programs, there are no online or hybrid education options in the United States.
How Long Does it Take to Become an Orthoptist?
Becoming an orthoptist generally requires completing a two-year accredited fellowship program following a bachelor’s degree in a related field. In total, students can anticipate it taking at least six years of education post high school to begin working in this field.
How To Become an Orthoptist – Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Graduate from High School or Complete a GED (Four Years)
A high school diploma or GED is essential as it lays the foundational knowledge necessary for further education and training. This credential serves as the initial step in preparing individuals for higher education and the specialized requirements of orthoptic programs. High school students interested in orthoptics should focus on science, mathematics, and anatomy courses. Building a solid foundation in these areas will help prepare for the rigorous coursework ahead.
Step 2: Complete an Undergraduate Degree Program (Four Years)
Most orthoptic programs require candidates to hold a bachelor’s degree in a related field, such as biology, psychology, or kinesiology. While specific undergraduate majors are not required, having relevant coursework and experiences can better prepare individuals for the advanced study of orthoptics. During this time, students should also gain clinical experience through volunteer work or internships to strengthen their applications for an orthoptic fellowship program.
Step 3: Attend an Orthoptist Fellowship Program (Two Years)
After completing a bachelor’s degree, students can apply to a two-year orthoptic fellowship program accredited by the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO). These programs provide comprehensive education and training in both classroom and clinical settings, preparing individuals for certification exams and professional practice. Students will learn how to assess and manage various eye conditions, including strabismus, amblyopia, and diplopia.
Step 4: Sit for the American Orthoptic Council Orthoptists Certifying Exams (Timelines Varies)
Once an orthoptic fellowship is completed successfully, graduates are eligible to sit for the national certification exam administered by the AACO. This exam consists of written, oral, and practical components and assesses the individual’s knowledge and skills related to orthoptic practices. Upon passing the exam, individuals will be officially certified as an orthoptist and can begin practicing in this specialized field.
Step 5: Pursue Continuing Education (Ongoing)
Orthoptists are required to maintain their national certification by completing continuing education units (CEUs) every three years. These CEUs provide opportunities for orthoptists to expand their knowledge and stay updated on advancements in optometry and ophthalmology. This ongoing education ensures that professionals are providing the highest-quality care to patients.
Additionally, some states may require additional licensing or registration for practicing orthoptists, so it is important to research specific requirements in the state of practice.
What Do Orthoptists Do?
Orthoptists primarily work in clinical settings such as hospitals, eye care clinics, or private practices alongside ophthalmologists. They also collaborate in multidisciplinary teams within academic research institutions to contribute to studies on vision and eye health. Day-to-day duties will vary by place of employment but typically include:
- Performing eye examinations and assessments to diagnose ocular conditions
- Implementing and evaluating treatment plans for patients with eye disorders
- Managing cases of strabismus, amblyopia, and diplopia
- Educating patients and families about eye conditions and treatments
- Assisting in surgical procedures when necessary
- Conducting research and contributing to academic publications in the field of eye health
- Training and supervising staff or students in clinical environments
Orthoptist Certifications & Licensure
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, orthoptists are not licensed practitioners. However, this can change with new state legislations and aspiring orthoptists should contact their local licensing boards to ensure they have the qualifications necesary to practice.
Licensing for orthoptists in the US is generally voluntary but highly recommended to enhance professional credibility and marketability within the healthcare field. In fact, many employers may require certification as a condition for hire. The primary certification entity is the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO), and their requirements include graduation from an accredited orthoptic fellowship program and successfully passing the written and practical national certification exam.
How Much Do Orthoptists Make?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not maintain salarys for orthoptists, as this is a small and nice field. According to O*Net, a database of occupational requirements and worker attributes, orthoptists earn $107,990 annually. According to Payscale.com (2024), a salary aggregate website, orthoptists earn $83,167 on average per year with the bottom 10 percent making $62,000 and the top 90 percent earning $100,000.
Orthoptist Career Alternatives
Here are some alternatives to a career as an orthoptist:
Become an Optometrist
Optometrists specialize in examining eyes for vision problems and prescribing corrective lenses. They also diagnose, manage, and treat conditions related to eye health, providing essential eye care and guidance to patients. To become an optometrist, one must complete a doctor of optometry (OD) program and obtain a state license to practice.
- Typical Education: Doctor of optometry (OD)
- Licensing or Certifying Organization: American Board of Optometry (ABO) Board Certification
Become a Physician Assistant
Physician assistants (PAs) work closely with doctors and surgeons, providing medical care and diagnosis across various fields. PAs perform physical exams, order diagnostic tests, and create treatment plans under a physician’s supervision. This role is both dynamic and rewarding, offering a steep learning curve and the chance to specialize in specific medical areas.
- Typical Education: Master’s degree in physician’s assistant studies
- Licensing or Certifying Organization: National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants
Become a Registered Nurse
Registered nurses (RNs) work as part of a healthcare team to provide patient care and educate individuals about health conditions. They may also assist physicians during procedures, administer medication and treatments, and help with diagnostic tests.
- Typical Education: Associate or bachelor’s degree in nursing
- Licensing or Certifying Organization: National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCBSN)
Kimmy Gustafson
WriterAt HealthcareDegree.com, Kimmy Gustafson has delivered in-depth and insightful articles since 2019, aiding prospective students to navigate the complexities of choosing the right healthcare degree. Her recent work includes topics such as the ethics of gene editing and physician assistant’s fight for autonomy.
Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.